
10 Most Common Childhood Illnesses You Must
Know As A Parent
As parents, we are supposed to care for our children's health. However, some diseases and skin infections in children are part and parcel of growing up. We can quickly minimize their impact by knowing the symptoms and causes and taking early precautions. This Kidsklinic’s guide addresses some of the most common childhood illnesses like dermatological problems, skin infections, respiratory issues, etc. along with their causes and prevention tips, so that you will be adequately equipped with essential knowledge.
The 10 Most Common Illnesses in Children are
- 1. The Common Cold
- 2. Ear Infections
- 3. Chickenpox
- 4. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)
- 5. Skin Infections
- 6. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
- 7. Gastric Flu
- 8. Croup
- 9. Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
- 10. Measles
Lets learn about these 10 most common childhood illnesses along with their causes and preventing strategies in detail.
1. The Common Cold
Perhaps the top most common childhood illnesses is the Common Cold. Many viruses, such as rhinoviruses, cause the disease, so it quickly passes from school to the playground. Immune systems are not yet fully developed, making the child more susceptible to the infection.
cause
- Viral infections, particularly rhinoviruses, cause common cold, cough and other allergies.
- Contact with contaminated things by infectious surfaces or suspended droplets.
precautions
- Promote handwashing as a habit before and after having the food.
- Educate the children not to touch their faces.
- Clean shared items like the toys.
The common cold recurs again among the children because they socialize with their peers. Hence, parents ought to be constantly vigilant regarding hygiene.
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2. Ear Infections
Ear infections are another most common illness in children, causing misery for children, especially those under three years old. They generally follow an accompanying cold or upper respiratory infection.
cause
- Bacterial or viral infection
- Fluid accumulation in the middle ear
- Swelling or inflammation causing a blockage in the Eustachian tubes
precautions
- Do not allow children to breathe cigarette smoke.
- Vaccinations should be kept up to date to avoid related infections.
- Bottle feeding for long hours and in a horizontal position.
3. Chickenpox
Chickenpox, caused by the varicella-zoster virus, is still the most easily recognizable as one of the common illnesses in children because of its itching rash and red spots. Although it has dramatically decreased in incidence due to vaccinations, it still poses a threat to many children today.
cause
- Direct contact with an infected person.
- Airborne transmission: Spreading through coughing and sneezing.
- Contaminated contact with surfaces.
precautions
- Make sure children get vaccinated against chickenpox.
- Keep infected people away from others.
- Hygiene will aid in preventing secondary skin infections due to scratching.
4. Hand, Foot, and Mouth Disease (HFMD)
This is one of the common childhood illnesses due to viral infection among children aged below five years. Some features of HFMD include rashes on the palms and soles, mouth ulcers, and fever.
cause
- Coxsackievirus or other enteroviruses.
- Prolonged exposure to an infected person.
- Inadequate hand hygiene after diaper changes or exposure to body fluids.
precautions
- Clean toys and surfaces daily.
- One should promote proper hygiene habits.
- Hydrate the child to help with the misery of mouth sores.
5. Skin Infections in Children
Skin infections in children such as impetigo, ringworm, and scabies are quite common illnesses in children because they have an active lifestyle and social exposure to peers.
cause
- Other infections include impetigo and Staphylococcus aureus.
- Fungal infections, like ringworm.
- Parasites, including scabies mites.
- Cuts or abrasions that provide easy entry of pathogens into the skin.
precautions
- Do not share personal items such as towels or combs.
- Dry and keep clean.
- Protective dressings on wounds to prevent infections.
6. Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)
RSV is the most common cause of respiratory infection in children who are less than two years old. The severe condition leads either to bronchiolitis or to pneumonia.
Reasons
- Direct contact with respiratory secretions.
- Airborne from coughing or sneezing droplets.
- Exposure to contaminated surfaces.
precautions
- Avoid contact with sick people.
- Clean and disinfect highly touched surfaces.
- One may use saline drops or a humidifier to reduce nasal congestion.
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7. Gastric flu (Gastroenteritis)
Gastroenteritis, or Stomach Flu, causes diarrhea, vomiting, and dehydration. It is very contagious and usually occurs through contaminated food or water.
Causes
- Viral infections, such as rotavirus or norovirus.
- Bacterial contamination, such as Escherichia coli,
- Poor sanitation or food handling.
Precautions
- Proper food hygiene is prominent.
- Encourage hand washing habits.
- Monitor hydration levels to avoid dehydration.
8. Croup
Croup is a viral infection; it causes inflammation of the airways. Barking cough and difficulties with breathing are its symptoms.
Causes
- Parainfluenza viruses.
- Respiratory infections.
- Irritation to substances such as smoke or allergens.
Precautions:
- Keep them hydrated.
- Use a humidifier to help you breathe.
- One should seek medical help if breathing difficulties worsen.
9. Conjunctivitis (Pink Eye)
ink Eye, also known as Conjunctivitis, is an inflammation of the outer layer in our eyes. It is very contagious but usually mild.
Causes
- Viral or bacterial infection.
- Allergens or irritants.
- Sharing infected items like towels or makeup.
Precautions
- Do not touch your eyes with dirty hands.
- Wipe towels and pillowcases clean and sanitize.
- Educate children not to rub their eyes.
10. Measles
Measles is a severe viral illness with fever, rash, and respiratory symptoms. Notwithstanding vaccination programs, outbreaks continue to arise in communities where individuals are unvaccinated.
Causes
- The measles virus causes it.
- It can spread through the air.
- Failed immunization can be a cause, or skipping the immunization at right age can lead to severe illness.
Precautions
- The child must be vaccinated with MMR.
- Avoid contact with infected individuals.
- Educate the communities on the importance of vaccinations.
Conclusion
Understanding of prevalent common childhood illnesses enables parents to implement timely precautions and reduce potential risks. Although these conditions are a natural development aspect, early intervention can significantly enhance a child’s health protection. It is essential to remain informed, adhere to proper hygiene practices, and consult medical professionals or experienced pediatricians when needed. Knowledge and awareness serve as fundamental pillars in safeguarding your child’s well-being.
Frequently Asked Questions
1. What are the diseases encountered during childhood?
Common childhood illnesses include colds, ear infections, chickenpox, and gastroenteritis. These ailments typically arise due to underdeveloped immune systems and exposure to germs in environments like schools or daycares. While most are mild and resolve on their own, prompt medical attention may be necessary for severe symptoms.
2. How can one prevent skin infection among children?
Prevention of skin infection in children includes hygiene, keeping the skin clean & dry, and avoiding sharing of personal items such as towels and clothes. Protecting the skin barrier through regular bathing and moisturizing prevents skin irritation and infections. Bringing cuts or scrapes to the attention of a clinician promptly and encouraging children to wear fresh, clean clothes will also help.
3. Why does my child get croup?
Croup is often caused by a viral infection, most commonly parainfluenza. It leads to swelling in the airways, resulting in a barking cough and difficulty breathing. Children are more prone to croup due to their smaller airways. Seasonal factors and exposure to infected individuals can also increase the risk.
4. How are childhood diseases spread?
Childhood diseases spread through direct contact, airborne droplets from coughing or sneezing, and contaminated surfaces. Children often touch shared objects and put their hands near their faces, making them susceptible to infections. Close interaction in schools or playgrounds also facilitates transmission.
5. Do vaccines matter regarding childhood diseases?
Yes, vaccines are crucial for preventing severe childhood diseases like measles, chickenpox, and polio. They strengthen a child's immune system by teaching it to recognize and fight specific infections. Vaccination not only protects the individual but also reduces the spread within communities, contributing to herd immunity.